Discuss the importance of Roman construction Free Essays

Roman design is a combination of Etruscan components and customary Greek. Level shafts are upheld by segments and curves are created. The curve is additionally formed into arch. We will compose a custom article test on Talk about the significance of Roman development or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now The fundamental structure materials are stones, exceptionally costly marble and created concrete. Brilliant chips of stone inset into the concrete are broadly stylish. One can find in Roman homes painting embellishing floors, grottoes in geometric and pictorial plans, on dividers. Distinctive local tastes, decision of the supporters overwhelms the location of Roman Architecture. It goes to the credit of Roman Engineering that solid for building rehearses is embraced The style identifying with structuring and development of the vaults, can at present be found in North America and all through Europe. The best case of Roman Architecture is the Roman Colosseum, the notable amphitheater on the planet. It is otherwise called Amphitheatrum Flavium, after the line of Flavian. â€Å"Construction was started by the Emperor Vespasian around 72 AD. His child Titus ruled over its culmination and the official opening functions, around 8 years after the fact, in 80 AD. The colossal auditorium was initially constructed incorporating four stories. The initial three had curved passages, while the fourth floor used rectangular entryways. The floors each deliberate between 10, 5-13, 9 meters (32-42 feet) in stature. The complete stature of the development was around 48 meters (144 feet). The field estimated 79 x 45 meters (237-135 feet), and comprised of wood and sand. Nets at the edges secured the crowd. † (The Colosseum ) The observer limit is between 45,000-55,000. Travertine is outside, and tufa and block in the inside. Each marble square utilized for the fundamental platform weighs 11,000 pounds. They are held together by metal pins. Later mortar is utilized, when hoodlums strike to expel the metal pins. The aggregate sum of marble degenerated in the development is roughly 100,000 cubic dispenses. The quantities of passages are 80, 76 for the general onlookers and 4 for the VIPs and the fighters. For the crowd, the principal line is seat types seat with backs. These are likewise the seats of respect. Ladies, when allowed to go to the projects, sit in a different segment. Upper diazomata seats are saved for outsiders. The engineering configuration is so creative and incredible from the perspective of light that no counterfeit lighting is vital, as the exhibitions are held during the day. Audio effects are, notwithstanding, utilized. The Pantheon-sanctuary everything being equal: According t Michelangelo, Pantheon is â€Å"angelic and not human plan. † The current Pantheon is around 1900 years of age . Numerous legends win with respect to the previous structures of Pantheon. This is arranged and planned by Hadrian, in 120 AD. â€Å"His plans required a structure with three fundamental parts: a pronaos or passageway patio, a round domed rotunda or vault, and an association between the two. The rotunda’s inside geometry would make an ideal circle, since the tallness of the rotunda to the highest point of its arch would coordinate its distance across: 142 feet (43. 30 m). At its top, the arch would have an oculus or eye, a round opening, with a breadth of 27 feet (8. 2m), as its lone light source. † (Parkerâ€) Many innovative and otherworldly thoughts are investigated the plan of this structure. This is considered to be the haven everything being equal. Lumber structures layered with pozzolana concrete are utilized in the establishment of the structure. This concrete is made by pounding together lime and a volcanic result of Italy. The structure is upheld by 16 dark stone segments. Each is 39 feet (11. 8 m) tall, five feet (1. 5 m) in measurement, and 60 tons in weight. The vault is developed in tightening course. The base is 20 feet and most slender at the oculus, 7. 5 feet. Pantheon is one of the wonders of the designing aptitude, as this structure, with the magnificent vault range, based on damp land, is as yet impeccable after the slip by of 2000 years. â€Å"The specialized subtleties are as under: Built: 120-126 AD under Emperor Hadrian, Foundation: 24†² thick at base and steps to 21†² at ground level, Rotunda: concrete, 20†² thick; 142†² width, Oculus: solid: 7. 5†² thick; 27†² breadth, Interior Columns: 3†² width, 29†² tall beat with a Corinthian capital, of 4†² totaling 32†² 9†³ tall, 25 tons every, Portico: 16 stone sections 39†² tall, 5†² distance across, 60 tons each. † (Parkerâ€) Other Roman Engineering aptitudes to improve the ways of life: Roman reservoir conduit at Segovia: Water flexibly to the whole city of Rome is done through utilizing an arrangement of 4=640 kilometers of reservoir conduits. The water system at Segovia in Spain is one such making of the designing ability of Romans. The framework stands the trial of time. Numerous streets in Western Europe worked with Roman building abilities are still being used. The showers at Bath, England are utilized now too. The houses of worship, royal residences and beacons worked by Romans are right now being used. The Hadrian’s Wall worked in an unfriendly piece of England is a designing wonder. It is 117 kilometers in length and in certain zones, 6 meters high and 3 meters thick. This divider is worked to shield fighters from the surge of wind and cold. The posts can hold up to 1000 men. The offices like washrooms and toilets are sufficient. The divider has stood the trial of time, however ineffectively kept up, and the valuable marble some portion of it are expelled and used for private use by the deceitful ranchers. Roman houses for the rich are single-story houses, worked around a chamber. â€Å"Beyond a chamber was a second open patio known as a peristylum. This territory incorporated a nursery and it likewise had rooms opening up off of it. In the homes of the affluent, the nurseries filled in as a gathering point so they were intended to be obscure and agreeable with the goal that individuals could meet in them whether or not the sun was wild. † (Roman) One of the well known houses where Roman mosaic has been widely utilized is Fishbourne Palace in West Sussex. An extraordinary under floor warming known as hypocaust is utilized to keep the houses warm. Design and the Engineering ability to execute an ideal task are elective thumps of the equivalent heartâ€and Romans have many standing observers to demonstrate this point. Step by step instructions to refer to Discuss the significance of Roman development, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility At Shipley Do-Nuts

Corporate Social Responsibility Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has become a popular expression in the advanced associations. The purposes behind concentrating on it might be altruistic, plain window dressing to maintain a strategic distance from Governments obstruction or just an advertising exercise. The creator has attempted to break down how well Shipley Do-nuts, a Houston based organization, has figured out how to satisfy its moral and social commitments. The inner and outside impact to its CSR methodology has been concentrated with the assistance of SWOT grid. In view of the investigation, the creator is of the feeling that the organization should move its methodology from a humanitarian one to a network based one to accomplish practical turn of events. The creator has recommended utilization of a network sports region for accomplishing the equivalent. Established in 1936 in Texas, Shipley Donuts has become a mainstream donut chain in the United States with more than 220 stores spread all through the southern states. Since its commencement, Shipley Donuts has been effectively included inside its locale which adds an entirely different measurement to its strategic creation life delightful (Shipley Do-nuts, 2008). The originator of the organization, Lawrence Shipley, Sr. established the organization close to the finish of the Great Depression. He had seen the abhorrences that individuals of his locale had experienced during the Depression. Subsequently giving the network back that made him rich was one of his top needs. Additionally, in a nation which is taking on a conflict against youth weight, the job of an inexpensive food chain like Shipley Do-nuts accept importance particularly its mentality towards moral practices and social commitments. The accompanying areas talk about how well Shipley Donuts has contributed towards its Corp orate Social Responsibility. Shipley has embraced a magnanimous way to deal with CSR. In this methodology, the associations give money related gifts, help or loan their names to the neighborhood networks for social causes. As per Wood (1991), this methodology causes them to turn out to be inconceivably regarded in their neighborhood network and secures their home market in any event, during times of savage rivalry. Shipley has been related with numerous social causes from schools, houses of worship to good cause gatherings. For instance, Shipley loaned its name to yearly reasonable devoted to malignancy survivors and veterans during last October (Lowman, 2009). Shipley likewise makes critical commitment towards advancing the US culture and convention. Shipleys establishments have been known to give a piece of their profit during Christmas to Angel Tree, a nearby association that helps in purchasing presents for poor kids during the Christmas (Tribune Herald, 2009). So also, it parts with free doughnuts to its clients on June 5 consistently in the memory of Chicago Salvation armed force which offered ascend to the National Doughnut Day (Tribune Herald, 2009). Being an inexpensive food chain, Shipley has likewise taken its commitment of making America solid genuinely. Complete dietary data of its items is shown unmistakably at all its establishments and furthermore at its site. Any client can see the neatness of the kitchen territory and the pastry kitchen procedures being utilized through its performance center review windows. In addition, to show its responsibility towards wellbeing, it supports nearby games groups like Houston Dynamos (proficient soccer club in MLS) and Houston Astros (proficient Major League Baseball crew) (Shipley Do-nuts, 2008). Such has been Shipleys promise to keep up quality that it has been hesitant to become excessively quick (the chain has included just 220 stores in its 74 years of presence contrasted with a huge number of stores opened by McDonalds or Pizza Hut in lesser time) which is reflected in its severe models for an establishment. SWOT Analysis A SWOT examination is directed on the moral works on being utilized by Shipley to assess their CSR systems Qualities Dynamic inclusion in network: From giving a piece of its income to neighborhood noble cause associations to supporting nearby games clubs, Shipley has been effectively engaged with the network advancement. In addition, it welcomes neighborhood associations to look for help through its site. This methodology shows its responsibility towards network fabricating and has helped it to cut a specialty for itself in the Texas people group. Moral practices: Shipley not just makes dietary data about its doughnuts open, yet in addition tells its clients the procedures being utilized at the kitchen through an open window framework. This moral practice has discovered wide acknowledgment among the Texas people group who run to its establishments. Adhering to conventional pastry shop strategies: Despite the coming of present day computerized bread shop methods, Shipley Do-nuts have adhered to the customary pastry shop procedures to hold its delicate and new smell and taste. This expects it to utilize a more noteworthy number of laborers along these lines helping the neighborhood network in getting a new line of work (Shipley Do-nuts, 2008). Shortcomings Working conditions: To hold the expenses of work down, the organization has turned to the utilization of modest illicit migrants from Mexico previously. The workers have regularly grumbled to the utilization of harsh language and racial slurs by the proprietors (Houston Chronicle, 2009). This has hurt its picture in the national awareness. Less commitment to nearby ability improvement: A charitable way to deal with CSR doesnt contribute a lot to the aptitude advancement of the neighborhood individuals and hence doesnt lead to a reasonable turn of events. Shipley has frequently been exasperated for not adding to the neighborhood expertise advancement. Mystery of its doughnut blend: Although it is integral to its upper hand, the mystery about its doughnut blend, which makes the doughnuts incredible, is much the same as concealing significant healthful factsfrom its clients. This has not gone down well with some purchaser rights activists. Openings Expanding people group based methodology: A people group based way to deal with CSR is increasingly effective in interfacing with the neighborhood network. This may include banding together with a nearby school for training of the kids. This will help the organization in adding to the nearby ability advancement and in accomplishing practical turn of events. Solid doughnuts: Shipley can include a couple of sound doughnuts, which are low in calorie, to its item extend. This may not really sell a lot, yet will validity to its endeavors towards building a sound America. Dangers Rivalry: With an expanding rivalry in the cheap food space and the expense of serving a client expanding, the battle for common assets will increment. This may imply that CSR exercises may need to assume a lower priority in Shipleys arrangement. Mediation by Government offices: Due to its past record in utilizing unlawful migrants, the Government offices may intercede in the authoritative arrangements, for instance, the Labor Department may do a review about its representatives pay and essential working conditions. This may end up being a danger to the companys picture in the people groups eyes. End The current research about the CSR exercises at Shipley Do-nuts shows that the organization is paying attention to its CSR exercises. The organization has added to different causes from malignant growth, battling wrongdoing and observing Christmas to supporting games exercises. Notwithstanding, it was seen that as of now Shipley sees CSR as a technique for offering back to the network which is isolated from its corporate target of making benefits. It should look towards integratingits CSR technique into its companys goals with the goal that it tends to be seen as fundamental for feasible improvement of the organization. For instance, Dunkin Donuts Center has set up a middle in Providence, Island. It gives best in class preparing offices to the games clubs in the areas. This inside has delivered various stars and is a fascination for youthful games devotees in the district. This offers a more grounded expression towards advancement of sports than simply supporting an occasion or a gam es club. Adding to its rundown of CSR exercises, Shipley can support a games zone in Houston which gives playing zone to the small kids in the Texas district. This games region can have a b-ball court or essentially open spaces for playing soccer. Normal Shipley clients and their wards can get free access to the offices. The normal clients can be given these goes at the Shipley establishment. This will help the organization in Building client organize: Building on companys endeavors towards interfacing with its clients through Facebook, the organization can monitor its clients through this games region Lift its deals: Since free passes will be given to the customary clients, it will help in boosting the deals and accomplishing higher client reliability Improvement of sports: It will help being developed of sports in the network which will expand on the companys endeavors towards building a wellbeing America. Thus, this thought can end up being a decent one to follow for Shipley Do-nuts as a component of its moral and social commitments (CSR). The organization can hope to add to the expertise improvement of the neighborhood network through this activity. This will assist the organization with realizing the significance of incorporating its CSR exercises with its corporate methodology.

The assessment process of Red Tree Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The evaluation procedure of Red Tree - Essay Example 354). This is the reasons why associations attempt to diminish the turnover in light of the fact that the determination procedure is in every case exorbitant. Third, the lawful ramifications of inept and unreliable employing can make any associations lose numerous thousand dollars. Once in a while, a business association is being hauled to the court for prejudicial employing, careless recruiting, and others (Beardwell and Claydon, 2007, pp. 99-100; Dale, 2006, pp. 241-243). This report is an endeavor to investigate the choice systems of the Red Tree Corporation, which is a boxed chocolate producer dependent on California having numerous outlets in Washington and Oregon also. Established in 1965 dependent on the bits of knowledge of Michael Harvey, a nearby gourmet specialist, the firm presently has become large enough for posting yearly incomes of more than 1 million US dollars in the year 2011. Red Tree accepts on the plan of action where it makes its boxed chocolates and sells the equivalent predominantly through their own outlets and shops where they accept they give a special client experience, which is a piece of their upper hand. It is an open association, which has become broadly in the course of recent years in spite of broad serious contention, monetary downturn, diminishing shopper certainty and occasional interest design (Plotnik and Kouyoumdjian, 2010, p. 195). The organization is at present searching for a provincial tasks administrator that would take care of the considerable number of outlets. This local tasks administrator would be a piece of the center level of the board where his obligations would fill in as a contact between the top administration, CEO, COO and different officials and the senior supervisors. Besides, the head supervisors talk about practically the entirety of their operational issues with the territorial chief who is then moreover... This exposition talks about that choosing and selecting the perfect individuals for right occupations has consistently stayed at the core of human asset the executives. There are three significant reasons why choice of the correct workers with the correct evaluation process is so vital for any association. To begin with, worker execution is the thing that makes up the presentation of any association. Representatives with the right arrangement of abilities and practices are bound to perform better and would require lesser preparing. Understandably, the opportune time to assess the equivalent is while choosing. Second, the expenses of employing, enrollment, choice, direction, and preparing makes up a noteworthy piece of the absolute costs spent at staff. This is the reasons why associations attempt to diminish the turnover in light of the fact that the choice procedure is in every case expensive. Third, the lawful ramifications of bumbling and unreliable employing can make any associat ions lose numerous thousand dollars. Once in a while, a business association is being hauled to the court for oppressive recruiting, careless employing, and others. The organization is right now searching for a provincial tasks chief that would take care of the considerable number of outlets. This territorial activities administrator would be a piece of the center level of the board where his duties would fill in as a contact between the top administration, CEO, COO and different officials and the head supervisors. Moreover, the senior supervisors examine practically the entirety of their operational issues with the local director who is then additionally liable for their presentation and deals targets.

Production and marketing functions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Creation and promoting capacities - Assignment Example Creation is a critical capacity in an association all things considered through it that information sources are changed over in to completed items through an arrangement of techniques. It requires productivity in intending to guarantee that data sources are accessible and changed over in to completed items effectively. Creation chiefs need to guarantee a smooth stream in the work forms just as upgrade development and imagination among the representatives. The promoting capacity then again is critical in guaranteeing that an association addresses the issues of purchasers. It includes researching market needs, building up appropriate bundling system and guaranteeing that the items are made accessible to purchasers where required. Great promoting procedures increment the general hierarchical profitability and seriousness. A portion of the contentions between the promoting and creation elements of an association could be clarified by the GAP investigation proposed by Slack. Job of Production Function Creation work includes setting gauges and destinations with respect to what is to be delivered and the creation procedure. Quality and amount of yield is firmly seen to guarantee that hierarchical targets are met. Lean assembling is a creative system of the creation work whereby wastage is limited while keeping up quality in all the phases of the creation procedure. Slack et al. (2006) brought up a few targets of the creation work from which an association can organize on the not many that are probably going to assist it with achieving an upper hand. One of the destinations is to limit creation costs while expanding yield, which is significant in the estimating technique whereby an association can undoubtedly achieve value administration in the market.

Learn How Effective Drug Addiction Treatment Is

Learn How Effective Drug Addiction Treatment Is Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print Learn How Effective Drug Addiction Treatment Is By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 17, 2018 fstop123 / Getty Images More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In most cases, the goal of treatment for drug addiction or abuse is not only to get the person to stop using drugs but to also return the individual to a productive member of society. The goal of drug treatment is to not only to stop compulsive drug seeking and use but to help the patient become a functioning member of the family, more capable of becoming employed and improve his or her medical condition. Depending on the circumstances, the goal of drug treatment may also include reducing the criminal behavior of the addict. Effective Drug Treatments According to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, effective drug treatment should, at the very least, lead to the following outcomes: Reduced use of primary drugImprove employment functioningImproved educational statusImproved interpersonal relationshipsImproved general health and medical statusImproved legal statusImproved mental health status Therefore, to measure the effectiveness of drug treatment programs, the rate of abstinence is not the only factor to be considered, but also the functioning of the patient at home, work and in the community. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, research shows that overall drug treatment is as successful as treatment of other chronic diseases, such as asthma, diabetes, and high blood pressure. Results of Drug Treatment Programs NIDA research shows that drug treatment programs can produce the following results: Reduce drug use by 40% to 60%Reduce arrests for criminal acts by 40%Methadone treatment reduces criminal behavior by 50%Reduces the risk of HIV infection.Increases the prospects of employment by 40% But, the NIDA is quick to point out that individual treatment outcomes can vary widely depending on many factors, including the patients presenting problems, how well the treatment program addresses those problems and the extent to which the patient is actively involved in the treatment process. The Office of National Drug Control Policys Treatment Protocol Effectiveness Study found that drug treatment programs work when those who abuse drugs can be engaged and retained in treatment and when other needed services can be integrated with drug treatment itself and delivered to help clients resolve the range of problems that accompany their drug use. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

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In need of a good thesis proposal? Check it out here! In need of a good thesis proposal? Check it out here! When applying for a master’s or doctoral degree, students usually have to present a thesis, which represents an in-depth research of a chosen topic. Before that, they must as well hand a thesis proposal over to an appointed commission, which is a crucial part of thesis submitting process. University thesis proposal stands for a detailed summary of your thesis, which is reviewed by specialized committee to see whether your thesis is of any value or interest. Thesis Proposal Example As a result, writing thesis proposal is one of the most significant parts of an academic degree getting, since it verifies whether a student is actually worth it. If you are not sure how to write thesis proposal, do not hesitate to appeal to our custom writing agency for help. Our team of professional, experienced writers can provide you with thesis proposal help, and also supply you with thesis proposal example. Our agency is specialized in English thesis proposal writing, producing theses of any type (e.g. thesis research proposal), and for any degree (e.g. masters thesis proposal). As it has already been mentioned, writing thesis proposal or thesis research is extremely important. A successful proposal summarizes a paper’s subject, identifies all problems the paper will deal with, and clarifies why the subject matter necessitates additional research. Whether your proposal is strong and challenging enough will predetermine whether your whole thesis is actually worth attentio n. The committee assigned to review your proposal will decide whether the selected topic is relevant and the issue being discussed is related to the field of your study. If student’s chosen subject is not considered valuable and appropriate, the thesis will not be approved, and a student may eventually fail the graduation. The pressure put on students when applying for an advanced university degree is so heavy, that most of them naturally feel confused about how to write thesis proposal so that their whole academic experience will not turn out to be vain. When working under such an enormous stress, you may naturally need some assistance. That is why Bookwomlab.com does its best to provide you with a range of diverse services. Not only can we write your thesis proposal for you, but also provide you with expert consultation and supply with thesis proposal example so, that you would have some useful guidelines at your disposal. Our major goal is to make the writing process less intimidating for you, so do not hesitate and order thesis paper at.com

Weak Acid Definition and Examples in Chemistry

A Comparison of Marx and Engels with Mill Regarding Social...

A Comparison of Marx and Engels with Mill Regarding Social and Economic Progress To understand what these two different philosophies tell us about the nature of social and economic progress it is important to clearly establish, for the purpose of this essay, a definition of the word progress. Many philosophers see progress as being a positive, continuous advancement into the future where, if we do not gain full scientific and empirical knowledge of our surroundings one day, then we will at least gain a deeper knowledge of our lives than we at present possess. If we can therefore have a fuller understanding of our surroundings there leaves the further question of whether we will ever reach a stage†¦show more content†¦They decided that it is not the ideas and thoughts of individuals or society as a whole that drives progress forward but it is the material circumstances under which people live that determines how they think and act; in their own words ‘Consciousness does not determine life, but life determines consciousness’. These two phil osophers therefore believe, like Feurbach (an extremely influential philosopher, especially on Marx) that philosophy must begin with the finite, material world as this is the only way that philosophical problems may be overcome; thought does not precede existence, existence precedes thought. For example in an article written by Marx titled ‘The Jewish Question’ the racist and stereotypical nature of the Jew is discussed. The majority of people at that time, under the Hegelian influence, would see with their ‘idealist eyes’ that the problem of Jews is in religious consciousness which could be resolved by establishing a new way of thinking. However Marx clearly points out that the problem does not lie in anything spiritual but is within society itself; therefore society would need to be re-organised in order for bargaining to be abolished and this problem on ‘The Jewish Question’ would be resolved. Materialists therefore believes in ‘the un ity of theory and practice’, thus explaining how the active side of materialism, the practical human activity, must be used toShow MoreRelatedMarx vs. Weber: a Comparative Analysis1965 Words   |  8 PagesKarl Marx v. Max Weber: Comparitive Analysis C. Wright Mills places both Weber and Marx in the great tradition of what he calls the sociological imagination a quality that enables us to grasp both history biography and the relationship between the two within society. 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AtT Financial Analysis Essay - 1879 Words

Abstract One of the most important objectives of the curse is that as students we should be able to make better financial decisions. Have a better understanding and ability to process and implement strategies and make successful decisions. Financial data from past periods of a company, provides a perspective for future outcomes. Investors give proper attention to different ratios. In this report I am analyzing the financial position and financial performance of AT T, a US. Telecommunication Company. The objective and conclusion of this analysis will be, if is either good or not to invest in the company. The analysis will be base on the most important ratios as, Liquidity, Profitability, and Solvency Ratios.†¦show more content†¦The company’s financial position, results of its operations and cash flows. The auditors also report that they have evaluated the internal controls system of the company and according to them there is no material weakness in its system and hence they give an unqualified opinion. The management’s discussion and analysis: 1. Reports the variance in the main income statement and balance sheet accounts and the reasons thereof. 2. Presents an analysis of performance and position in different dimensions, for example territory, products, etc. 3. Explains the impact of extraordinary important transactions on the company’s performance and positions for example BellSouth’s acquisition. 4. Discloses major uncertainties and contingencies such as litigation, etc. 5. Analyzes the past environment faced by the company, its stock performance, risks associated, etc. 6. Looks forward to the future environment facing the company and presents their plan to optimize on opportunities, minimize risks, etc. 7. 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Shakespeare s King Lear And The Great Gatsby - 1346 Words

Personal gratification is commonplace in society, but the force to overcome it is not. In both Shakespeare’s King Lear, and Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, man’s natural psychological id is displayed by key characters, who are all morally corrupt. King Lear has 2 distinct sides who represent the id and superego, battling over justice in a kingdom centered around a weathered king. In The Great Gatsby, a commonplace working man by the name of Nick Carraway surrounds himself with friends who indulge themselves in luxury, influenced by the psychological id embedded deep within everyone. When observing family dynamics, both King Lear and The Great Gatsby reveal family interactions are driven primarily by the id, which is further supported when considering the presence of oedipal dynamics in both novels. In terms of narrative events, The Great Gatsby’s events are heavily influenced by the id, with little to no superego expressed. In contrast, while the bulk of Ki ng Lear’s storyline is similarly driven by the id, the superego plays a larger role in resisting the id’s unlawful desires, and this is exemplified through the triumph of the superego at the story’s end. The Great Gatsby depicts how life is hopelessly overridden by human’s natural id while King Lear demonstrates how even the smallest source of superego can combat the aggressive nature of the id present in life. In both King Lear and The Great Gatsby, the id is influential in most family interactions. For instance, King

Seymour Butts Free Essays

Hi my name is Seymour butts. My fathers name is moby dick. My favorite color is black. We will write a custom essay sample on Seymour Butts or any similar topic only for you Order Now My favorite food is pizza. I just got a new fish yesterday. I named him bluey. You want to know why, because he is blue. Today is was cloudy outside but it never rained. That’s a bumer. I rode in a hummer on Sunday. It was cool. I also went to the movies. I haven’t been to the movies in a long time. I went to the beach today. It was wavey. I have a dog named blacky. Because he is black. I come up with unique names. I had chicken stew for dinner tonight. That is my favorite thing to make. I also had a corn muffin with it. I just got done swimming in the pool. I do not have a pool. Fooled you. It is seventy six degrees in my house. That is very cold. It is twenty degrees outside. That is really hot. I cleaned my house today. It was very dirty. It took me all day to clean it. I love to clean the house. I don’t know how it got so dirty. Now the house does not have to be cleaned for another two years. I just dropped a glass plate and it shattered everywhere. Oh well. It was not my plate anyway. Well I hope this essay entertained you. It sure entertained me. All of this is true. That was a lie. I am just kidding. How to cite Seymour Butts, Papers

In My Short Life On This Planet I Have Come To Question Things That Ma Essay Example For Students

In My Short Life On This Planet I Have Come To Question Things That Ma Essay ny take upon blind faith. We all know that we must some day die; yet we continuously deny the forces at work inside ourselves, which want to search out the answers of what may or may not come after. It is far easier for humanity to accept that they will go to a safe haven and be rewarded for their lives with pleasures and fantasies of an unfathomable scale than to question the existence of a supposed omnipotent being. Yet, there are a few of us humans who tend to question the whys and wherefores that society puts forth to us. We question the existence of God, or the creation of mankind rather than blindly accepting faith-filled beliefs we may received from our parents as children. Perhaps it is because we live in a nation filled with many peoples of different beliefs whose Gods are all so varied and different that it is difficult to fathom that they are all the same divine being. It is also plausible that we just have a desire to quench the thirst for knowledge that lies deep within ourselves. As for myself, I cannot believe in a being which created a universe and a multitude of worlds in a rather short period of time then deigns to lower itself into becoming a puppet-master and pulling the strings of the Earth and all of the people therein. Since this paper touches upon many scientific terms, I feel that in order for the reader to correctly grasp the content I must first define three words: Theory, Law, and Hypothesis. The definitions will allow for a greater understanding of this essay and give us an even ground upon which to begin. Theory; (th?1e-r?, th?r1?) noun 1.a. Systematically organized knowledge applicable in a relatively wide variety of circumstances, especially a system of assumptions, accepted principles, and rules of procedure devised to analyze, predict, or otherwise explain the nature or behavior of a specified set of phenomena. b. Such knowledge or such a system. 2.An assumption based on limited information or knowledge; a conjecture. Law; (l?) noun 12.a. A formulation describing a relationship observed to be invariable between or among phenomena for all cases in which the specified conditions are met: the law of gravity. b. A generalization based on consistent experience or results: the law of supply and demand; the law of averages. Hypothesis; (h?-p?th1?-s?s) noun 1.A tentative explanation that accounts for a set of facts and can be tested by further investigation; a theory. 2.Something taken to be true for the purpose of argument or investigation; an assumption. It is important that you thoroughly read the above definitions or you will be at a disadvantage if you do not. You will note that there are several different definitions to each word. I felt it was important to include the added definitive statement to theory because it shows the difference between a scientific theory and an everyday theory based upon conjecture. The additional definitions to law and hypothesis are both added for a further understanding of thes e words. The definition of creationism is somewhat more complex. One must start by saying that the belief in the creation of the universe given at the beginning of the Bible is literally true. Creationism is a belief based solely upon faith (which is a belief in and of itself). There are no scientific facts as a basis for this belief, solely conjectural theories and speculations. It is ingrained into our minds, as children that a belief of a force, or supernatural entity, which is all powerful and all knowing, is watching over us and taking care of our needs. Yet, to me, saying this very sort of thing is heretical in its very essence. To be so crude as to think that some being which created the universe itself and all things in it would take the time to care for each and every individual is incomprehensible. In practically all ancient cultures, the biblical included, the universe was thought of as an original chaos into which order had been introduced by a creative hand: This was th e essence of creation.1 In this statement alone we can see one of the major flaws of creationism. While science can prove without doubt the universe up to the first 20 milliseconds of existence, we cannot prove anything before that point at this time. The statement above, regarding creationism, suggests that there was no beginning, only chaos. Subsequently this creative hand structured the order of the universe out of chaos and applied physical laws to that chaos so it would form itself into motion and order. Yet, creationism as a whole does not touch base upon what came before the chaos. While science admits that there was a time in which different laws and order applied; creationism attempts to deny this existence by saying that there was always something. For if there was indeed a beginning and there was no God before this time, where did God come from? We can scientifically prove that there was a beginning. We cannot yet ascertain what was before this beginning, but we now know that there was one. To suggest that the universe has always existed is a mere myth today. Much like the myth that the world was once flat. Today, we take for granted that the world is indeed round, for have we not seen pictures from the space shuttle in orbit of the earth. Not to mention the multitude of orbital shots from satellites. Consequently we would consider it preposterous if someone attempted to tell us that the world is a flat surface. Yet, upon blind faith, some are content to believe that a creative hand structured this existence. Although the figures (Gods) differ from mythos to mythos, all the ancient stories intend simply to give a poetic accounting for cosmic origins.2 In the scientific community there is a well known and accepted theory known as the Big Bang Theory. Most people know of this theory because they were taught it in school. Yet it usually contradicted what their parents and pastors taught them in church. As a result, the Big Bang Theory was generally dis carded as something that intellectual minds which cannot exist upon the true faith alone, must accept as truth. The Big Bang Theory is stated in condensed form as follows. As the universe expanded, the residual radiation from the big bang would continue to cool, until now it should be a temperature of about 3 K (about -270? C/-454? F). This relic radiation was detected by radio astronomy in 1965, thereby providing what most astronomers consider to be confirmation of the big bang theory.3 In this statement we have our first of arguments over creationism by evolution. We have the beginnings of a proof that there was a time or rather, I should say, a point in time where there was indeed nothing. Many creationists will argue that the universe is too ordered; the path of the planets (which meant wanderers, or great wanderers in early Grecian society) is too ordered, too perfect. I will start by asking you to attempt to define perfect (as it existed at that time). In the creationalistic p oint of view, a person might write it off as the act of God. It was his divine will that moved the planets together in such a way as to be able to support life. Or you could ask the more worldly scientist who would explain to you about the Law of Probability, the Theory of Relativity, and show you lengthy mathematical equations dealing with Quantum and Theoretical Physics. In the end, you would likely have a headache of immense size, but come away with perhaps a better understanding of how the order of events, and the laws which created, ordered and structured the planets to exist as they do. Many creationism fanatics will also attempt to dissuade the argument of evolution by saying that the Big Bang is merely a theory. The only reply that the scientific world can refute this with is the fact that relativity and gravity, are also theories. This argument by creationists is obviously not in their favor. The creation of the universe by scientific means is a world-wide theory that many creationists refute simply because it goes against their beliefs. Yet to understand evolution to its fullest, we must further investigate life, or rather human life. We ask questions like: How did we evolve from amoebae?Are you trying to tell me that I evolved from an ape? If we are evolving in such a manner as described, why can we not see it daily? Since these are all very good questions, I will touch base upon them all. Approximately seven-hundred or eight-hundred million years ago life was first known on this planet in the form of single-celled organisms called procaryotes, not amoebae. Over time these unicellular organisms diversified into an array of adaptive types. Scientists hypothesize that many advanced cells (eucaryotes) may have evolved through amalgamation of a number of distinct simple cell types. Single-celled eucaryotes then developed complex modes of living and advanced types of reproduction that led to the appearance of multicellular plants and animals. The latter are first known from about seven-hundred million years ago, and their appearance implies that at least moderate levels of free atmospheric oxygen and a relatively predictable supply of food plants had been achieved.4 Through a long and drawn out process life eventually formed into that of mammals and dinosaurs. However, approximately sixty-five million years ago the dinosaur specie was completely eradicated (perhaps by way of natural selection), which left only mammals. Approximately two million years ago humanity began to show its evolution in the order of the universe. Humans originally belonged to an order of mammals, the primates, which existed before the dinosaurs became extinct. This development of descending from tree habitats to forest floors and eventually to more open country was associated with the development of many unique features of the human primate, such as erect posture and reduced canine teeth, which suggests new habits of feeding. However, while humanity did evol ve from a primate ancestor, it did not evolve directly from an ape-like specie. Humans as well as apes both evolved from the same primate specie, but each branched in different directions to become apes in one specie and humans in another specie. Yet, you ask that if this is the case, and humanity has evolved from primates in such a short period of time, why can we not see the evolutionary process taking place today? The answer is a simple one. I know of no human which has lived for two-million years. Which in and of itself is not a very valid argument for this case, but nevertheless a substantial point at any rate. However, if we were to be more objective about the process of human evolution we would see that in the life span of the earth we are still a relatively young race. Dinosaurs, for example, inhabited this planet for over one-hundred-thirty-five million years. In relative view of this information, we can see that humans have only been in existence for approximately 1/60th o f the time that dinosaurs existed. With this in mind, we can further grasp that the process of evolution is a very slow process which requires an almost incomprehensible scale of time to our limited lifespans. While I realize that many points, and beliefs were not touched upon in this essay I did attempt to cover as much ground as possible in as short a space as possible. It is painfully clear to me that an existence based upon blind faith is no longer an acceptable tradition. The ideas of creationism are far outweighed by the Laws and Theories of evolution. While there are understandably a great many men who have spent a vast amount of time in scribing the Bible, we must realize that they were indeed men, not Gods and the bible is, actually, only a book. To believe the contents of that book completely, one must have unwavering faith in the validity of its concepts and the precepts upon which its religion is based. One of the striking and perhaps most intriguing points of interest t hat I have stumbled upon is the lack of education of creationism in schools. If the point was so very valid and without skeptical doubt, then why is it not being taught to our children? I understand the idea of separation between church and state, and the fact that the school is very much a part of state. Yet it seems to me that if the idea is a basic building block in todays society then why not teach this to the young? Why is it that we only teach evolution if it is so unbelievable? The simple fact of the matter is that we have evidence and supporting cases in science today which makes the very idea of creationism redundant to teach, as well as a contradicting view of evolution which could possibly confuse those of a younger age. There are many religions in the world upon which the bible are based, and the ones which espouse creationism are but a few. Being a western culture we tend to forget this. In summary I believe that evolution is the only plausible of these two theories whi ch is acceptable to the current state of humanity. In closing I leave you with a simple, yet disturbing statement that a great man once told me: it is not what you believe; its what you can prove.5 Creationism is based upon belief; evolution is based upon scientific proof. ___________________________ 1Creation, Microsoftr Encartar 96 Encyclopedia. c 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. c Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved. 2Creation, Microsoftr Encartar 96 Encyclopedia. c 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. c Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved. 3Cosmology, Microsoftr Encartar 96 Encyclopedia. c 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. c Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved. 4Evolution, Microsoftr Encartar 96 Encyclopedia. c 1993-1995 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. c Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation. All rights reserved. 5 Personal Environmental Ethics Essay

Business Law in Canada for Vicarious Liability †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Business Law in Canada Vicarious Liability. Answer: Introduction In order to ensure that clients are protected by businesses, their is the need to ensure that there is a clear structure that has been put in place to guarantee the same. Vicarious liability is one of the doctrines that has been put in place in order to ensure that mistakes that are made by employees while in the course of their duty are placed on the businesses. This ensures that employers are able to manage their employee effectively in order to ensure that no mistakes are realized as a result of the same. Vicarious liability does not expose businesses to too much liability. This is because employers must be able to bear the burden of the problems that they create. In this case therefore, it is essential to understand that as an employer one should be able to bear the responsibility of what should happen to their clients as a result of their employees actions (Nickels et al., 2010). Employees are part of the business and any harm that they cause during their delivery of services, businesses must be able to take the responsibility of the same. One of the arguments that can be adopted in order to try and understand the stand id whereby the employer takes credit for the good deeds of the employee. It is important to understand that whenever a client performs well the business benefits as a result of profits and good reputation that come with the same. Therefore, the same should be applied when employees act in a negligent manner. The employer must understand that by employing a person the y are taking risk and in any case there is any liability that arises as a result of the employees the same should be transferred to them. The other reason as to why vicarious liability should not be viewed as a way of placing too much liability on businesses is the fact that it places incentives to employers during recruitment and training of employees (Yates Clarke, 2002). Employers must be able to ensure that all their employees are trained to the required standards in order to prevent any harm that may be caused by them to clients. In the Tradif v. Wiebe case, the bouncer had not been trained on how to handle clients in case a conflict arose. It is important to note that this was a failure on the managements part which would eventually resonate as a result of events that would later occur. It is important to note that the liability should lie on the hotels management due to the placing their clients at risk of being harmed as a result of the unprofessional behavior by their boun cers. The other reason as to why the pressure placed on businesses as a result of vicarious liability is not too much for them to handle is due to the fact that they have deeper pockets as compared to the employees. Most of the employees just depend on their salaries while the businesses they work for rake in millions in terms of profit. Therefore, in order to ensure that the party that suffers damages is reinstated to their initial position, the employer is at a better position to reimburse the same. It is important to understand that in some situations it is not the employers failure but as a reason to that of the employee (Yates, 2012). Therefore, it is important for the courts to decide in which cases that the liability lays with the employer or rather the employee. In any case the failure is as a result of the employees negligence it is wise that they should pay for the damages themselves. However, if the failure is a result of the employers negligence then it is wise that the same is reimbursed by them. A good case is whereby the management did not train the bouncer on how to handle drunken customers. The hotels management is tasked with ensuring that all its employees are of the highest professional conduct before hiring this in order to ensure that the clients are safe forms any life- threatening situations (Bowal Bontorin, 2014). Therefore the vicarious liability in this case should be transferred to the hotel, since in reference to the evidence presented so far it shows that the hotels management should be held liable of damage caused. It is important to understand that is far as bouncers are concerned they just have the same rights as ordinary citizens (Fudge et al., 2003). Therefore, they should understand that they are not allowed to break thelaw and claim to be undertaking their duties. As far as thelaw goes, bouncers are only required to request one to leave the club in any case they become rowdy. Therefore, in any case the bouncer injures a person, they should be able to suffer the consequences just like any other private citizens. However bouncers can claim self- defense in any case one becomes rowdy and threatens to harm them. It must also be noted that if one breaks thelaw sometimes the employer should not always for their employees criminal acts if they are doing the same for their self- interests. As the court, stated in the case of Tradif v. Wiebe the bouncer was just trying to impress his employer and therefore working outside the mandate of his duties which is to request the customer out and went ahea d to punch him causing injury. Conclusion As it has been noted above, vicarious liability does not place too much liability to businesses. It is essential for employers to ensure that their employees effectively handle their clients in order to minimize any risk that may be imminent. It must also be understood that bouncers do not have equal power to police officers. Therefore, they should not be allowed to harass people while on duty to a point whereby damage is realized. This should be blamed on the employer who should be able to train their employees on how to behave and handle clients. References Nickels, W. G., McHugh, J. M., McHugh, S. M., Cossa, R., Sproule, B. (2010). Understanding Canadian Business.McGraw-Hill Ryerson, Toronto, ON. Yates, R. A. (2012).Legal Fundamentals for Canadian Business. Pearson Education Canada. Fudge, J., Tucker, E., Vosko, L. F. (2003). Employee or Independent Contractor-Charting the Legal Significance of the Distinction in Canada.Canadian Lab. Emp. LJ,10, 193. Yates, R., Bereznicki-Korol, T., Clarke, T. (2002).Businesslaw in Canada. Scarborough, Ont.: Prentice Hall. Tardif v.Wiebe 1996 Carswell B.C. 2438(B.C.S.C.) Bowal, P., Bontorin, L. (2014). Vicarious Liability: The Legal Responsibility of Employers.

Sample Disadvantaged Essay - How to Write a Sample Disadvantaged Essay

Sample Disadvantaged Essay - How to Write a Sample Disadvantaged EssayIf you're looking for a sample of a disadvantaged essay, then you should consider writing an Amcas essay. These letters are sent in place of school interviews, which are often tedious. Often the interview is required in place of your high school diploma, which many students do not have.In order to write an Amcas essay, you will need to know what an Amcas letter is and how to write one. An Amcas essay is different from a typical academic essay, because it can only be completed by the entire class.For some, writing an essay for this situation can be a very common challenge. It is not easy to write a competitive essay and impress your fellow classmates, so being able to know the kind of person you are, before starting out, is something that you should take into consideration.One of the best ways to learn how to write an Amcas essay is to look at those who have already achieved their goal. There are a lot of great Amca s essays that have been written by people who were able to get through college. For instance, your personal tutor or the secretary of your local school will have some great letters. Or, even if you're a very good student, you may not be able to get into your college or university because of other circumstances.Fortunately, there are people that write Amcas letters, which can help you learn how to write one. These people can be your friends, or people who work in educational institutions. They can guide you through the whole process, which can save you a lot of time and money.The truth is, many people do not really want to write a paper, but they have no one to recommend to them. They do not know where to go to find a good resource for writing an Amcas essay. So, I recommend that you do not give up too soon.The best way to find a great resource for writing one is to ask for advice. You can ask your friend or your local representative, or you can even get an introduction from your sch ool's English department. By getting more information, you will be able to improve your skills and your chances of finding the right resource.Many people who have written an Amcas essay, know that it can be very tough. However, with the help of resources, like an Amcas guide, you can get through your first Amcas essay with ease.

Assassination Of Jfk Essays (406 words) - Lee Harvey Oswald

Assassination Of Jfk JAKE Lee Harvey Oswald On November 22, 1963 JFK was assassinated. Though to this day it is unknown weather the accused killer Oswald, acted alone or was a patsy as he claimed. Lee Harvey Oswald was the perfect fall guy for such a conspiracy. He was a former US marine that defected to USSR. He was a Marxist with communist believes. He did support Kennedy's view on Cuba and was said to have handed out pro Castro propaganda. Oswald may have not supported the President, he may have even wanted him dead. Though he was not capable of the assassination alone. Oswald worked in the Book Depository building where the shots were allegedly fired from. I believe it would have been impossible for Oswald to have killed the president, for a number of reasons. Oswald was right handed the Italian Rifle he was said to have used was set up for someone that was left handed. From the window he was supposedly perched at their was a huge tree blocking his vision. Oswald was also said to be a very poor shot when he was in the Marines. Whoever the gunmen were, they fired their five to six shots very accurately. The fatal head wound shown the presidents head to have moved back and to left indicating that the shot came from the front. Oswald was behind the president and could not have inflicted that wound. Moments prior to the shooting Oswald was on the second floor of the building drinking a Coke. When he was confronted in the building after the shooting he was said to have been calm and collective. You would think after someone had committed the murder of the century they would be a little more tense. Oswald did not appear to be tense at all. He exited the building from the front door of the building. If he had committed the murder he would probably have escaped from the building through a different door. Oswald was a mere pawn in the conspiracy and the assassination of JFK. He was not the trigger man just a mere patsy as he said. Their are thousands of files that have been reviewed by two committees since the assassination. One of them the Warren commission believed that Oswald was the lone assassin. The other The house Select Committee believes if Oswald did do it than he did not act alone. They believed a conspiracy was probable. History Reports

FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essays

FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essays FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essay FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Essay FAMILIAL INFLUENCE ON CHILDHOOD OBESITY Scope Nature of the Problem The children population currently struggling with obesity has massively expanded, representing a huge health care burden both at present and in the future. The extent of the epidemic is worsened because it is a critical risk factor for other diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer and diabetes. Upwards of 17% of adolescents and children in the United States, suffer from obesity, representing more than 12.5 million patients (World Health Organization, 2012). These represents a near 300% increase in the levels since 1980, with considerable ethnic and racial disparities in the prevalence rates, with male Hispanics and non-Hispanic black girls being the worst affected population groups. Similar trends are evident elsewhere in the world, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that upwards 40 million children across the world are either overweight or obese. : Research Hypothesis Family behaviors and attitudes are important in whether or not children become overweight or obese Justification There is a growing body of theoretical, scientific evidence indicating that children assimilate their family and parents health philosophies. They engage in activities and eat foods that their families allow, encourage or provide them with, and refrain from those that are forbidden. This influence of families and parents on childrens eating and exercise habits is critical in the development of disease, while at once building lasting habits that prevent or predispose them to obesity or high body weight (Austin, 2011). With the establishment of empirical evidence to back up the theoretical models, this research findings will help to create and impetus for the development better parental attitudes and skills, which will ultimately lead to the reduction of theoverall disease burden and the overall health care costs facing populations and governments. Potential family-based interventions/treatments can be developed with the establishment of firm evidence of family environments on the poss ibility of obesity development. In addition, if the research hypothesis can lead to the prevention of incidental diseases associated with childhood obesity, while at once boosting the productivity of the future generations. Methodology The research design will use both secondary and primary data. The secondary data would comprise of peer-reviewed journal and book sources on childhood obesity causes, preventive methods and the possible predisposition of children due to familial factors (Austin, 2011). The primary data would be obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 400 children aged between 6 and 13. The sample would comprise (i) 100 Hispanics (ii) 100 Blacks (iii) 100 Whites and (iv) Minority groups. Half of the respondents must be (i) obese (ii) overweight. The research staff would go to schools and hospitals, and request parents and the children to participate in the study. As many as 700 possible participants would be selected, from whom a random sample of 450 would be selected to participate in the study. Respondents would complete research questionnaires sent by post, email or by telephone interviews based on the questionnaire, with information includingtheir diet, eating habits, parental attitudes towards eating and exercise, knowledge of obesity and the number of times that food is cooked in the home (Kothari, 2009). Others would include the children body mass index, maternal depression, family functioning and self-esteem etc. Once questionnaires are completed, they will be checked for completeness and correctness, before the final random sample of 400 is selected for coding, and analysis. Data would be analyzed by a specialized statistical computer software, SPSS and varied reports would be provided. Initial Findings The causes of obesity, a non-communicable and perfectly preventable disease, are well known and include excessive intake of high energy and sugar foods, low vegetables intake and lack adequate physical activity. Genetic predisposition, family demographics, parenting practices, increasing sedentary lifestyles due to computer use and television viewing etc, increasing consumerism and hectic family schedules have equally been identified as (Delahanty, et al., 2012). Other causal factors include the emergence of the fast foods industry, which is almost solely responsible for the rise in high-fat foods across the world.It is however evident that proper parenting and control can limit these risk factors, effectively making the heightened rates of obesity a direct consequence of the failure in parenting (Austin, 2011). According to the ecosystems model, the relationships among families, individuals, society, institutions and psychosocial groups interactions have a considerable effect on the functioning and behavior. On the other hand, another theoretical model, the ecological model asserts that family dynamics are critical in whether or not children develop weight problems or obesity. This possibility is determined by food choices, which are influenced by the family demographic characteristics (HU, 2011). Families in which both parents worked and single parent families were more likely to eat fast foods, compared to other families, which in turn influence the eating habits of children. In addition, low income families vegetable consumption by as much as 22%, as do dual worker families (Delahanty, et al., 2012). Other factors including the parents beliefs and attitudes about the nutritional and exercise needs of the children impact the body weight of the children. References Austin, B. (2011). [Commentary on] The Blind Spot in the Drive for Childhood Obesity Prevention: Bringing Eating Disorders Prevention Into Focus as a Public Health Priority. American Journal of Public Health, Jun2011, Vol. 101 Issue 6 . Delahanty, L. M., Pan, Q., Jablonski, ,. K., Watson, C., McCaffery, J., Kahn, S., et al. (2012). Genetic Predictors of Weight Loss and Weight Regain After Intensive Lifestyle Modification, Metformin Treatment, or Standard Care in the Diabetes Prevention Program. Diabetes Care , vol. 35 no. 2 363-366. HU, F. (2011). Globalization of diabetes: the role of diet, lifestyle, and genes. diabetes lifestyle, Harvard School of Public Health, in PubMed . Kothari, D. C. (2009). Research methodology: methods and techniques. New York: New Age International. Mazzeo, D., Arens, S., Germeroth, C., Hein, H. (2012). Stopping childhood obesity before it begins. Phi Delta Kappan, Vol. 93 Issue 7 , , p10-15. World Health Organization. (2012, May 17). Obesity and overweight. Retrieved June 3, 2012, from www.who.org: who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs311/en/

New business on wine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

New business on wine - Essay Example This paper provides a clear picture regarding the possible name of a new business on wine. It also includes the details of the partnership agreement that can be followed by the partners who are going to buy the vineyard It also includes the details of the partnership agreement that can be followed by the partners who are going to buy the vineyard. Furthermore, a proper mission statement is also developed based on the current situation of the company. A list of objectives and a proper SWOT analysis is also included in the paper in order to help the management in the decision making process. Introduction In real business world, if noticed carefully, it will be found that most of the businesses irrespective of their size and nature are actually the result of partnerships of two or more individuals. In case of most of businesses starting point was a partnership. However, turning a partnership into a big business is one of the most challenging tasks in the world. There are number of activ ities and decision making processes that are involved in the entire process. Perhaps the first major activity for starting up a business is choosing an appropriate name that will give a brand identity to the business. This paper is all about such a business that is likely to be concentrated on a vineyard and the wine produced from it. The business needs to be given a proper name and hence the paper includes a suitable name for it. Furthermore, an appropriate partnership agreement that can be followed in conducting the business is also provided in the paper. Over the years it is observed that businesses succeed or fail on the basis of various strategic decisions that are made by the management. However, prior to making any strategic decision, it is very important to analyze the internal and external environment of the company. Hence, the paper includes a proper SWOT analysis for the vineyard business. It also includes the possible mission statement and a list of some major strategic objectives that are required to be met in order to have initial success. Task One The partnership business on vineyard is hereby given the name of ‘Azinert’ which is a combination of last two-three words that are taken from each of the existing product categories – Shiraz, Chenin and Dessert Wine. This will be the new brand identity for the business in upcoming years. All the products that will be produced will be sold under the brand name of Azinert. Task Two Legally a partnership is referred to the relationship between the individuals who are involved into common business with the objective of sharing profits. Usually more than a single party is involved in a partnership and partners must have to agree various terms and conditions which are the pillars of the partnership (Kimuda, 2008). The partnership agreement, in case of Azinert will be made on May 15, 2011. The partners are likely to contribute the capital in the form of cash. There will be a separate capit al account for each of the partners. None of the partners will be able to withdraw any portion from his capital account. Based on the demand of each of the partners, the capital accounts will be maintained in a certain proportions in which profits and losses are shared. The net profits as well as the net losses will be divided equally among the partners. There will be a separate income account for each of the partners. Profits or losses will be either credited or charged to the each of the income accounts. In case the income account does not have enough balance, then losses will be charged to the respective capital account (Internet Legal Research Group, n.d.). As far as the salaries are concerned, there will be no such thing for any partner for any services that are rendered. However, partners are allowed to withdraw the required credit balance from their respective income account. Furthermore, no interest will be credited on the initial amount of capital neither there will be any interest on the any subsequent

Ethical hacking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical hacking - Essay Example One learner might make an impression on the other or port-filter the other understudy and both people might record the effects. The learners reacted with a lot of energy. After a week there were assorted types of strike from outside sources and the scholars started to archive these and to track down the sources. Significant devices here were tcpdump and tethereal for information catch. We needed each learner to get mindful of the powerlessness of the framework doled out to her/him, and this happened. One commonsense issue was teaching the scholars to give documentation in such a route, to the point that catch documentation gained was not excessively voluminous and troublesome to review. We were, then again, unable to actualize the sum of our objectives and set three characteristics aside for consequent emphasess of the course: (1) giving mysql and ACID to help people examine the information caught, (2) having Snort sent email cautions in regards to specific sorts of endeavors, and (3 ) firewall setup utilizing iptables. The accomplishment of this methodology urged us to take a gander at applying this engineering to the educating of machine systems (Infs6230). Here we embraced a methodology concentrating on subjects: convention stacks, exemplification of information units, and directing disclosure. We needed our people to have the capacity to distinguish and comprehend information units at each level. Critical apparatuses again here were tcpdump and tethereal for information catch. We picked a dynamic scope of directing revelation, starting with the arp reserve and portion steering table (netstat –rn), and continuing through static steering, and element directing (RIP and OSPF, each one recreated by the Quagga suite), to a Cisco 2610 switch. The last venture of embodiment and directing knowledge was building tunnels utilizing Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE). The construction modeling (please see Figure 3.1. - Xen

Memristor Spice Model For Designing Memristor Circuits Economics Essay

Memristor Spice Model For Designing Memristor Circuits Economics Essay Memristors are novel electronic devices, a device that can be used and give a great advantage in many applications such as memory, logic, neuromorphic systems and so on. A computer model of the memristor would be a useful tool to analysis circuit behavior to help in develops application of this memristor as passive circuit element via simulation. In this paper, we incorporate a memristor SPICE for designing memristor circuit which is more focusing on non-linear model and analog circuits. SPICE model would be appropriate way to describe real device operation. We incorporating the memristor with various window functions that have been proposed in non linear ion drift memristor devices. In investigating and characterizing the physical electronic and behavioral properties of memristor devices, the circuit analysis of the proposed memristor models are then been studied. The simulation output should have a current-voltage hysteresis curve, which looks like bow tie. The loops map the switch ing behavior of the device. Then, we come out with a simple analog circuit which in this case we construct a simple integrator op-amp and differentiator op-amp circuit and make comparison between memristor implemented circuit and normal circuit. The research verifies the proposed memristor model, the possibilities of implementing memristor model and the advantage implementing the memristor in analog circuit. Keywords memristor, SPICE model, non linear, window functions, analog circuit. Introduction Memristor is the contraction of memory resistor which is a passive device that provides a functional relation between charge and flux. It is a two-terminal circuit element in which the flux between the two terminals is a function of the amount of electric charge that has passed through the device [1]. A memristor is said to be charge-controlled if the relation between flux and charge is expressed as a function of electric charge and it is said to be flux-controlled if the relation between flux and charge is expressed as a function of the flux linkage [2]. In 1971, Leon Chua proposed that there should be a fourth fundamental passive circuit element to create a mathematical relationship between electric charge and magnetic flux which he called the memristor which is short for memory resistor [2]. The current is defined as the time derivative of the charge. The voltage is defined as the time derivative of the flux according the faraday law. A resistor is defined by the relationship between voltage and current dv=Rdi, the capacitor is defined by the relationship between charge and voltage dq=Cdv, the inductor is defined by the relationship between flux and current dà Ã¢â‚¬  =Ldi. The fourth fundamental circuit element completes the symmetry of the relation between charge and magnetic flux dà Ã¢â‚¬  =Mdq. Table 1 show the relationship between the fundamental circuit element. Basic two terminal devices Equation Relationship between fundamental circuit element Resistor,R dv=Rdi v and i Capacitor,C dq=Cdv v and q Inductor,L dà Ã¢â‚¬  =Ldi i and à Ã¢â‚¬   Memristor,M dà Ã¢â‚¬  =Mdq q and à Ã¢â‚¬   Table 1: The four fundamental element (resistor, capacitor, inductor and memristor). In 2008, Stanley Williams and his team at Hewlett Packard had succesfully fabricated the first memristor in physical device form which is a long wait from Leon Chua discovery in 1971 [3]. Memristance is a property of memristor. When the charge flows in one direction through a circuit, the resistances of the memristor increase. The resistance decreases when the charge flows in the opposite direction in the circuit. If the applied voltage is turned off, thus stopping the flow of charge and the memristor remembers the last resistance that it had [1]. In HP memristor model, to create a memristor, they used a very thin film of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The thin film is then sandwiched between the two platinum (Pt) contacts. One side of TiO2 is doped with oxygen vacancies denoted as TiO2-x which x is usually 0.05. The oxygen vacancies are positively charged ion and make it conductive, thus it behaves as a semiconductor. Another side of the TiO2 junction is undoped. The undoped region has insulating properties. The device established by HP is shown in Figure 1 [3]. Figure 1: Memristor model adapt from [3]. When a positive voltage is applied, the positively charged oxygen vacancies in the doped TiO2-x layer are repelled and moving them towards to the undoped TiO2 layer. When the boundary between the two materials moves, the percentage of the conducting TiO2-x layer is increase. Thus, the conductivity of the whole device increases. When a negative voltage is applied, the positively charged oxygen vacancies are attracted and pulling them out of TiO2 layer. This increases the amount of insulating TiO2, thus increasing the resistivity of the whole device. When the voltage is turned off, the oxygen vacancies do not move. The boundary between the two titanium dioxide layers is frozen. This is how the memristor remembers the voltage last applied [1]. Methodology Our aim in this research is to provide a simulation program adequately simulates and can be used as a circuit element in design work. To model the electrical characteristics of the memristor, SPICE would be appropriate way to describe real device operation [4]. Moreover, using the model as a sub-circuit can highly guarantee a reasonable high flexibility and scalability features [5]. We use LTSPICE to create a memristor model and design new symbol of the memristor circuit for the simulation because LTSPICE is much easier to handle compared to others. On the other hand, LTSPICE is a freeware and it will give a great advantage to the students in doing research for this newly devices. We use SPICE model that been adapt from [6] and we made some adjustment so we can use it for several window functions that has been proposed for non linear ion drift model. The SPICE model is created based on the mathematical model of the HP Labs memristor. After the memristor has been modeled, we first studied the difference between proposed memristor and then we will start design and implement the memristor with an analog circuit. We also investigate and made a comparison between the memristor circuit with analog circuit to see the difference and study the behavior of the circuits. Model Of The Memristor from HP Labs In the model of a memristor presented here, there is a thin semiconductor film that has two regions, one with a high concentration of dopant that behaves like a low resistance called RON and the other with a low dopant concentration with higher resistance called ROFF [3]. The film is sandwiched between two metal contacts as in figure 1. The total resistance of the memristor, RMEM, is a sum of the resistances of the doped and undoped regions, w is the width of the doped region and D is the total length of the TiO2 layer. ROFF and RON will be the limit values of the memristor resistance for w=0 and w=D. The ratio of the two resistances is usually given as 102 103. (1) (2) From the ohms law relation between the memristor voltages and current, we get (3) Then, we insert (1) into (3). The voltage v(t) across the device will move the boundary between the two regions causing the charged dopants to drift. So, there is a drift ion mobility  µv in the device. The change of the boundary is denoted as in (5). (4) (5) To get x(t), we then integrates the right side of equation (5) which then yields the following formula (6) By inserting equation (6) into equation (4) and since usually RON (7) Where  µv is the average drift velocity and has the units cm2/sV, D is the thickness of titanium-dioxide film ROFF and RON are on-state and off-state resistances and q(t) is the total charge passing through the memristor device. Non Linear Ion Drift Model Even a small voltage across the nanodevices will produce a large electric field [7]. This causing the ion boundary position will move in a decidedly non-linear. Nonlinear dopant drift adds nonlinear window function f(x) to the state equation. The window function decreases as the state variables drift speed approaches the boundaries until it reaches zero when reaching either boundaries [8]. The speeds of the movement of the boundary between the doped and undoped regions are depending on several factors. (8) Where  µv is the dopant mobility. The speed of the boundary between the doped and undoped regions decreases gradually to zero at the film edges [1]. We simulate the nonlinear ion drift memristor model with these window function to see the difference and the issue that been faced by them. Window Function Window function is a function of the state variable. Window function forces the bounds of the device and to add nonlinear behavior close to these bounds. In other words, it creates the boundary for the memristor. Any effective window function should therefore fulfill the following conditions [8]: Take into account the boundary conditions at the top and bottom electrodes of the device; Be capable of imposing nonlinear drift over the entire active core of the device; Provide linkage between the linear and nonlinear dopant drift models; Be scalable, meaning a range of fmax(x) can be obtained such that 0 à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ fmax(x) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 1; Utilize a built-in control parameter for adjusting the model. There are several window functions that have been proposed for non-linear model till date which are by Strukov, Joglekar and, Biolek, and Prodromakis. Strukov proposed the following window function [3]. (9) However, as we can see in the figure 2, this window function lacks of flexibility. Figure 2: Plot of Strukov window function. Another window function was proposed by Joglekar [4], which has a control parameter p which is a positive integer. The purpose of having a control parameter as an exponent is to incorporate scalability and flexibility in window function f(x) that describes the dopant kinetics. (10) Figure 3 displays a graphical representation of the window function described by Joglekar for various p parameter (p=1, 5 and 10). This control parameter controls the linearity of the model, where it becomes more linear as p increases. This window function ensures zero drift at the boundaries. From the plotted graph, we noticed that the maximum f(x) value is occurs at the center of the device and zero is obtained at two boundaries. However, a significant liability of this model lies in the fact that if w hits any of the boundaries (w = 0 or w = D) the state of the device cannot be further adjusted. This will be from now on termed as the terminal state problem. Figure 3: Plot of Joglekar window function for p=1, 5 and 10. Then, Biolek proposed another window function that allows the memristor to come back from the terminal state problem. (11) The reversed bias is now should move back the state variable after it reaches either boundary. This feature is described by a current dependent step function, stp(i), which is a part of a new window function f(x) that behaves differently in each voltage bias direction. (12) Figure 4: Plot of Biolek window function for p=1, 5 and 10. Figure 4 displays a graphical representation of the window function described by Biolek for various p parameter (p=1, 5 and 10). When x starts at 0, we noticed that the function equal to 1. As x increase approaching D, the function approaches 0. Once the current reverse the direction, the function immediately switch to 1. As x decrease back to 0, the function also decreases to 0. Biolek window function eliminates convergence issues at the devices boundaries. The last window function for non-linear model is proposed by Prodromakis [8]. (13) Figure 5 displays a graphical representation of the window function described by Prodromakis for various p parameter (p=1, 5 and 10). As we can see, it allows the window function to scale upwards which implies that fmax(x) can take any value within 0 Figure 5: Plot of Prodromakis window function for p=1, 5 and 10. SPICE Model of Memristor Figure 6: Stucture of the SPICE model from [6]. In the above circuit in figure 6, VMEM is the input voltage and Imem is modeled to be the current through the memristor. The flux is calculated by integrating the voltage VMEM and the charge is calculated by integrating the current IMEM. Figure 7: Resistive port of the memristor model. As we can see in figure 7, the circuit is actually referred to total resistor RMEM. RMEM (x) = ROFF -xà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R where à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R= ROFF-RON. ROFF is the resistor in series voltage source whose terminal voltage is controlled by the formula -xà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R. Figure 8: Differential equation modeling of the memristor. Figure 8 shows the differential equation modeling of the memrsitor. It consist a part of the voltage controlled source xà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R and the differential equation from equation (6) which serves as an integrator of the quantities on the right side of the state equation (6) which is to get the value of normalize x. EMEM is the voltage source whose terminal voltage is controlled according to the formula -xà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R. GX is a current source whose current is controlled according to the equation IMEMf(V(x)) where V(x) is the voltage across the capacitor Cx and it models the normalized width x of the doped layer. F(V(x)) is the window function, k is  µvRON/D2 and x0 is the initial voltage of the capacitor.[6]. The relation between memristor current and voltage is modeled as on the basis of RMEM (x) = ROFF -xà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R where à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬  R= ROFF-RON. The voltage V(x) across the capacitor CX models the normalized width x of the doped layer. The initial state of x is modeled by the initial voltage of the capacitor. The flux is calculated by the time-integral of voltage, and the charge is calculated by the time-integral of current. Result and Discussion All models were simulated in LTSpice using SPICE model that was given in [6], we add new nonlinear window functions that was proposed by prodromakis and strukov to the model and compare all suggested window functions. memristor Figure 9: Memristor circuit. Figure 9 shows configuration of single memristor for measuring the behavior of memristor model in LTSPICE with a sine wave input voltage of 1.2V with 1Hz frequency. The values for the memristor parameters  µv, D, RON, ROFF and RINITIAL are 10-10cm2s-1V-1, 10 nm, 100ohm, 16kohm and 11Kohm. All model are using same window function parameter p=10. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultstrukovstrukov1.png Figure 10: Strukov memristor model voltage, IMEM, RMEM and normalized x. Figure 10 shows the simulation result of memristor SPICE model for Strukov window function of voltage, IMEM, RMEM and normalized x. As we can see, the current of the memristor, IMEM is varying up to approximately 100 µA for maximum of 1.2V voltage applied. The RMEM for this model show that the values are in range of 11kOhm till 12kohm which means the effect of the voltage applied to the memristor only give slightly changes on the value of the memristor. Noticed that when positive voltage is applied, the conductivity of the device increases thus the memristance is decrease. When negative voltage is applied, the resistivity of the device increase thus the memristance is also increase. This verifies the memristive system on the device. In normalize x graph, we also noticed that the normalized x is at higher state in the beginning. Figure 11 shows the I-V characteristic of the devices and the relationship between charge and flux. The charge and flux curve curves confirms the well known fact that there is a one-to-one correspondence between them in spite of the 1-4 hysteresis effect. Strukov memristor shows lack of flexibility of controlling the device. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultstrukovstrukov4.png Figure 11: Strukov memristor model I-V loop hysteresis and relationship of charge and flux. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultjoglekarjoglekar1.png Figure 12: Joglekar memristor model voltage, IMEM, RMEM and normalized x. Joglekar window function seems to be promising as the existence of controlling parameter. Figure 12 shows the simulation result of memristor SPICE model for Joglekar window function of voltage, IMEM, RMEM and normalized x. Same as strukov memristor, when positive voltage is applied, the conductivity of the device increases thus the memristance is decrease. When negative voltage is applied, the resistivity of the device increase thus the memristance is also increase. The current of the memristor, IMEM is varying up to approximately 300 µA for maximum of 1.2V voltage applied. Joglekar window function give higher current compared to others. It shows that the current in the memristor are much easier to move. The RMEM are within range of nearly 0ohm to 11kohm which give full range of value for the memristor. Figure 13 show the I-V hysteresis loop of the devices and the relationship between charge and flux. The switching behavior is much more sensitive on the voltage level than Strukov w indow function. But, in term of stability, Joglekar window function cannot perform for an arbitrary length of time. This failure is caused by the convergence issue where when the memristor reach w=0 or w=D, the state of the device cannot be further adjusted. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultjoglekarjoglekar4.png Figure 13: Joglekar memristor model I-V loop hysteresis and relationship of charge and flux. Biolek window functions are supposed to solve terminal state problem as in literature [4]. It should solve the boundry problem of the terminal state. Figure 14 and 15 shows the simulation result of memristor SPICE model for Biolek window function. The current of the memristor, IMEM is varying up to approximately 220 µA for maximum of 1.2V voltage applied. The RMEM are within range of nearly 1kohm to 11kohm. Figure 15 show the I-V hysteresis loop of the devices and the relationship between charge and flux. From the figures, we observe that the biolek memristor preserve the highly non-linear device characteristic behavior. In addition, Bioleks model allows for general asymmetric I-V device behavior modeling. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultbiolekbiolek1.png Figure 14: Biolek memristor model voltage, IMEM, RMEM and normalized x. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultbiolekbiolek4.png Figure 15: Biolek memristor model I-V loop hysteresis and relationship of charge and flux. Prodromakis window functions are also said to solve the boundry issue. Figure 16 shows the simulation result of memristor SPICE model for Joglekar window function of voltage, IMEM, RMEM and normalized x. The current of the memristor, IMEM is varying up to approximately nearly 180 µA for maximum of 1.2V voltage applied. The RMEM are within range of nearly 3kohm to 11kohm. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultprodromakisprodromakis1.png Figure 16: Prodromakis memristor model voltage, IMEM, RMEM and normalized x. Figure 17 show the I-V hysteresis loop of the devices and the relationship between charge and flux. The hysteresis loop is shown to be asymmetrical while the OFF state of the device is highly non-linear compared with other. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultprodromakisprodromakis4.png Figure 17: Prodromakis memristor model I-V loop hysteresis and relationship of charge and flux. In comparing of I-V characteristic hysteresis loop, as we can see in figure 18, it shows all hysteresis loops for all proposed window functions. By using same parameter we can see the difference in each model. Joglekar window function seems to have a strong memristance compared to others.All models seem to be a good approximation of the measurement of the real memristor produces by HP Labs. But, Prodromakis memristor model satisfies all the prerequisites and improves on the shortcomings of existing models. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultall iv loop hysteresisiv hysteresis loop all.png Figure 18: I-V Hysteresis Loop for all models. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultdiff parameterprodromakis p=1, p=5, p=10.png Figure 19: Prodromakis I-V Hysteresis Loop when p=1, p=5 and p=10. Then, we try change the parameter of p of the model. In this case, we use prodromakis memristor model and change the value of integer p=1, p=5 and p=10 to see the difference. As we can see in figure 19, as the value of p is increase, the hysteresis is shrinking. Similar with changing the parameter p, figure 20 also confirm that the hysteresis shrinks at higher frequencies. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultdiff frequency1hz-5hz.png Figure 20: Prodromakis I-V Hysteresis Loop when frequency f=1Hz, f=2Hz and f=5Hz. In term of power dissipation, as we simulates our results. We can get the value of maximum IMEM for each model. We can calculate the power by using P=IV equation. Table 2 show the maximum power dissipation for each memristor. Memristor model Max IMEM,  µA Power, W Strukov 100 µA 120 µW Joglekar 300  µA 360 µW Biolek 220 µA 264 µW Prodromakis 180  µA 216 µW Table 2: IMEM and Power dissipation for all at the memristor. As in table 2, we can see that the Strukov model give lowest power which is 120 µW while Joglekar model give much higher power dissipation which is about 360 µW compared to the others. We also noticed that as the memristor model is improves, the power become lesser. Prodromakis give quite good power dissipation which is 216 µW as the best windows function and model as till now. In implementing memristor with analog circtuit, we pick a two simple analog circuit to be tested. Figure 21 shows the SPICE topology of the memristor based integrator op amplifier with the input voltage Vp-p=2.4V from -1.2V to 1.2V and C1=25 µF. Using the memristor model that we create earlier with various types of window functions, we see the difference on the simulated result on each model. The values for the memristor parameters are same for all model with uv, D, RON, ROFF and RINITIAL are 10-10cm2s-1V-1, 10nm, 100ohm, 16kohm and 11Kohm. memristor integrator op amp Figure 21: Memristor Implemented Integrator Circuit C:UsersFadzDesktopresultintegrator+ve integrator .png Figure 22: Positive Integrator simulation C:UsersFadzDesktopresultintegrator-ve integrator .png Figure 23: Negative Integrator simulation Figure 22 and 23 shows the simulation result for the implemented memristor integrator op amplifier for positive input and negative input respectively. In this case, we implement prodromakis memristor to the integrator circuit. As we know, the integrator acts like a storage element that produces a  voltage  output which is proportional to the integral of its input voltage with respect to time. The magnitude of the output signal is determined by the length of time a voltage is present at its input as the  current  through the  feedback loop  charges or discharges the  capacitor  as the required  negative feedback  occurs through the capacitor. For positive starting input, we vary the voltage from 1.2V down to -1.2V and going back to 1.2V over time. When positive voltage are applied in the beginning, the output voltage tend to discharge and drop from 0V to negative voltage and charging back to 0V when the input voltage are drop to negative voltage. The output for neg ative voltage applied from starting point give a vice versa result. The charging and discharge are depends the voltage applied over time and the value of the capacitor. We can say the memristor models give quite good result for an integrator. Figure 24: Memristor Implemented Differentiator Circuit. C:UsersFadzDesktopresultdifferentiatordifferentiator.png Figure 25: Saw tooth input of Memristor implemented differentiator op-amp simulation. Figure 25 shows the simulation result for the implemented memristor differentiator op amplifier. We are using prodromakis memristor model for the memristor implementation. As we know, for differentiator op-amp, the magnitude of its output is determined by the rate at which the voltage is applied to its input changes. The faster the input voltage changes, the greater the output voltage becomes. If a saw tooth input signal is applied to the input of the differentiator op-amp a square wave signal will be produced. As we can see in figure 25, the simulation shows a quite good result for differentiator. We also noticed some spikes at the output voltage. Each spikes occurs only occurs the brief moment the saw tooth is changing from one level to the next. The voltage spikes represent a temporary output voltage. Conclusion As a conclusion to this research is that it could bring a new light of familiarization in the integration of memristive components in any kinds of electronic devices that are at nanoscale. It is useful to have a computer model of the memristor as a tool for the analysis of the behavior of the circuits in developing application of this memristor as passive circuit element via simulation. SPICE model will definitely help us to conduct interesting simulation experiments and can be of great importance for such a research in future while the memristor are still hard to fabricate to study the behavior of the circuit. Different models with strong behavior and reason give a lot of benefits in development purpose to create the possibilities of the implementation in an integrated circuit. The possibilities for implementation of the memristor with analog circuit are wide open. Appendix .SUBCKT memristor plus minus PARAMS: + Ron=100 Roff=16K Rinit=11K D=10N uv=10F p=10 *********************************************** * DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION MODELING * *********************************************** Gx 0 x value={ I(Emem)*uv*Ron/D**2*f(V(x),p)} Cx x 0 1 IC={(Roff-Rinit)/(Roff-Ron)} Raux x 0 1T * RESISTIVE PORT OF THE MEMRISTOR * *********************************************** Emem plus aux value={-I(Emem)*V(x)*(Roff-Ron)} Roff aux minus {Roff} *********************************************** *Flux computation* *********************************************** Eflux flux 0 value={SDT(V(plus,minus))} *********************************************** *Charge computation* *********************************************** Echarge charge 0 value={SDT(I(Emem))} *********************************************** * WINDOW FUNCTIONS * FOR NONLINEAR DRIFT MODELING * *********************************************** *proposed by joglekar ;.func f(x,p)={1-(2*x-1)**(2*p)} *proposed by biolek ;.func f(x,i)={1-(x-stp(-i))**(2*p)} *proposed by prodromakis ;.func f(x,p)={1-(((x-0.5)**2)+0.75)**p} *proposed by strukov .func f(x,p)={x-x*2} .ENDS memristor Acknowledgment This paper participates in the IEEE Student Conference Research Development SCORED 2012. The author would like to thank Dr. Wan Fazlida Hanim bte Abdullah for being supervisor in this final year project. The author also would like to thank Universiti Teknologi MARA for funding the research work through the Excellence Fund Grant 600-RMI/ST/DANA 5/3/RIF(360/2012).